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Depression Is Not Only A State Of Feeling Sad - 1150 Words

Depression is not only a state of feeling sad, it is an illness that overpowers the ability to feel emotion, whether bad or good. Depression involves the mind, and it also involves the body and thoughts. This disorder can be passed down through genes or can be caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. A biological cause of this disorder would be something such as enlarged adrenal glands. People who are depressed have a lower count of neurotransmitters involved with depression. An imbalance of hormones can also be connected to depression, therefore, when having too high of count of a hormone related to stress in particular (cortisol), depression may occur. Unfortunately, depression affects twenty percent of all Americans. Women are more likely to become depressed than men. Genes also have a lot to do with Depression. While studying twins, scientists have found that there is a powerful genetic influence in depression. Identical twins are three times more possible to have depression than fraternal twins raised in the same environment. In lecture we discussed that rates of MDD are two times greater in those with firs degree relatives. Symptoms caused by major depression can vary from person to person. Although depression may occur only one time during a person’s life, some people have multiple episodes of depression. During these episodes, symptoms occur most of the day, nearly every day for two weeks and may include: feeling sad and hopeless, and loss of interest, asShow MoreRelatedSadness857 Words   |  4 Pagesupset etc. Sadness is a state of mind that comes and goes as it pleases. Today we can be sad tomorrow we can forget about yesturday. Life is about going through bad and good moments so it`s normal to feel sad sometimes. Sadness can manifest itself through emotions like being angry, stressed out, nervous or just depressed. Depression is a more serious case of sadness. Depression means negative thoughts and lasts for much longer. Many people comm it suicide because of depression so, it`s a dangerous diseaseRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of The Depression970 Words   |  4 PagesMajor depression is occurring when you feel depressed most of the time for most of the days of the week. Some symptoms for this type of depression include weight loss or weight gain, suicidal thoughts, being tired, having no energy, feeling guilty, and feeling worthless. Talking to a therapist can help with this. The doctor will usually make you meet with a mental health specialist who will help with the depression you’re feeling. Doctors also recommend antidepressants. If those two things don’tRead MoreHistory of Depression1466 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of Depression Depressive illness has been known since biblical times. The word depression comes from the Latin word deprimere (to press down). Thus it means feeling pressed down, sad or low. In the late Middle Ages, religious leaders believed depression was caused by posession of evil spirits. The German religious reformer Martin Luther wrote All heaviness of the mind and melancholy comes of the Devil. Through the years depression has been treated with such remedies as whipping, bloodlettingRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School1376 Words   |  6 Pagespassions. I notice my demeanor was not the same I felt sad and just to myself. When I realize that my moods and behavior weren’t the same is when I no longer played soccer I had lost interest, that’s when I realize something was wrong with me. I got out of the early stages of depression by going to the gym and just finding that light in life again to stay motivated and push forward with life it wasn’t easy but I was able to overcome it. Depression is considered a mood disorder that is a very commonRead MoreWhat Does Depression Mean?896 Words   |  4 PagesWhat does depression mean? When you hear the word depression you think of being down or sad, but you don’t usually think of it as a mental illness or disease. In today’s society we hide depression from others because we feel it is not acceptable to be sad, or to let others know that we have faults. Depression is a darkness that can overwhelm you, it can take your happiness away and replaces it with negative thoughts. Many people use depression to attract attention, which gives depression a bad reputationRead MoreMental Illness : A Mental Disorder1463 Words   |  6 Pagessome form of mental or behavioral disorder in 2010 alone. Now, with all this information we must first ask, what is a mental illness? The definition given by the National Alliance of Mental Illness, or NAMI, states that â€Å"A mental illness is a condition that impacts a person’s thinking, feeling, or mood and may affect his or her ability to relate to others and function on a daily basis.† Many psychological disorders are developed through genetics and are passed through genes. A person with parentsRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder ( Sad )1238 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Anxiety Disorder Affecting One’s Life Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is the most common mental illness in the United States. About 40 million people suffer from this mental disorder. Many tend to confuse this disorder with shyness and nervousness, which are not considered a part of the phobia. Having a SAD can interfere with one’s daily life cycle. People who have SAD often starts to develop this illness during their childhood and adolescence years. Patients areRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Treatment Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Depression? Depression is a condition in which a person feels discouraged, sad, hopeless, unmotivated, or disinterested in life in general (Depression II). Depression is a serious mental illness that does the aforementioned as well as much more. When a person is depressed, it can interfere with daily and normal functioning as well as can cause pain for the person with it and those around them, and this is what doctors call ‘Clinical Depre ssion’. Depression is more than just a simple sadness;Read MoreMajor Depressive Disorder ( Mdd )1428 Words   |  6 Pagesa person experiences only major depressive episodes but no hypomanic, manic, or mixed episodes† (Butcher, Hooley, Mineka, 2014, p. 618). Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is also referred to Major Depression. MDD is also â€Å"characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person’s ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. Major depression is disabling and prevents a person from functioning normally. Some people may experience only a single episode withinRead MoreMisrepresentation Of Depression Throughout Society1720 Words   |  7 PagesSandis Walter English 122-12 Professor Schilling 16 October 2017 Misrepresentation of Depression Throughout Society In America, only 50% of people with major depressive disorder seek treatment for their illness (Holmes). Just as many people avoid seeing a physician, people will avoid facing mental health because of the fear that something is wrong. Through stigmas created in society, mental illness is viewed as unnatural, and having a therapist or taking medication is the easy way out. Many articles

Seeing Through the Smog free essay sample

The first thing you notice is the smog. It drapes over the city in countless gray layers, extending from the sky to the ground. Then, just as your eyes begin to adjust, you’re hit by the smell. It’s that smell of factories and seaside pollution, of too many gas stations and too many cars. And, before you have time to think about what could possibly come next, you hear it. A constant stream of impatient honks and beeps mix with a poorly orchestrated ensemble of noises that charge at you from the televisions inside various surrounding apartments, as if maximum volume was the only option on the remote. And while trying to hear your own thoughts above all the madness, you will barely manage to step out of the way of the angry and unnecessarily rushed driver who just came very close to hitting you (as if pedestrians were outdated and people were born in cars), and you will probably wonder, â€Å"What IS this place?!† I’d like to welcome you to my heaven on eart h. We will write a custom essay sample on Seeing Through the Smog or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Before I moved to Greenwich in 2000, I lived in Beirut, Lebanon. I have gotten a pretty interesting range of reactions when I have told people that. In elementary and middle school, it was often met with an â€Å"Oh, in New Jersey!† or, from the few that knew it was a country, â€Å"Wait, so are you like, Muslim?† (Thankfully the reactions matured a bit more with high school and the war in ’06.) Initially though, it was frustrating coming from somewhere no one seemed to have heard anything about. Manaeesh (these thyme and sesame seed covered pizza-like things that deserve an essay of their own) were replaced with bagels, clusters of apartments turned into streets with actual houses (it took me several months to grasp the concept of basements), and the half hour of morning Arabic prayer led by Soeur Therese (one of the nuns at Jamhour) was cut down to a speedy, â€Å"I pledge allegiance†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Then came the war. The newspaper and TV flashed images of bom bs, destruction, and death. Phone calls from family in Beirut became more and more infrequent. Three years passed before I was able to go back again, and in those three years I did what so many do in the face of unwanted change: I shut my eyes and ignored it. The summer I finally went back was a slap to the face. When I returned, I expected nothing less than perfection. Instead, buildings I once played around had crumbled from explosions; the number of people, dirty and barefoot on the streets, had more than doubled, and my understanding of Arabic had vanished. Angry and confused, I kept asking myself where had my fairytale gone? My fifth day there, though, I had my big (excuse the cliche) epiphany. I had been waiting for my cousin outside of the nearby sandwich place, when a family pulled its car up next to me. The father rolled down the window and asked me in heavy Arabic, â€Å"Hello, could you tell me how many hours until this place closes?† It took me a few seconds, but I slowly answered, â€Å"In about four.† He thanked me and drove away. I stood there for a moment, trying to get a handle on what had just happened. Then I realized; I had understood. I had responded, in ARABIC! In what I think of as one of my happiest moments of clarity, I finally accepted that while so many things had changed, nothing was truly different. Buildings may have crumbled, but the country still stood strong. This provided me with a certain global awareness and cultural appreciation that I would not have had had it not been for the war. But these realizations extend further than just the boundaries of Lebanon. In August of 2009, I was part of a group of high school students from Trinity Church that traveled to the Dominican Republic. Our one-week trip was spent building a bakery and working with children in the village of Consuelo. While the manual labor was certainly rewarding, it was the people who left the greatest impression on me. There was the little boy, who so animatedly struggled to tell our group leader a story using the limited English he knew; Tete, one of the oldest women in the community, whose apparent love and devotion to her village and the people around her so strongly reminded me of my own family ties; the local translator, who, by joining us through language, nurtured a bond far beyond proverbial boundaries. It was with each of these people, with the village as a whole, that I felt a connection unlike any other. While many would feel uncomfortable with such an alien situation, an unknown language, an unknown culture, and an unknown place, Lebanon had fostered in me a s ense of adaptability and acceptance. In the people of Consuelo, I observed the same pride and cultural resilience that I feel for Beirut. Coming from a town like Greenwich makes it difficult for many to get past the cultural and language barriers presented by a new country. But in the same way that I remain hopeful and optimistic for Beirut, I remain open and faithful for Consuelo. Now, take a glimpse at the city again. The smog has cleared, and when you look through the buildings, standing tall and glorious despite their battle wounds, you can make out the people of Beirut. Masses of families and friends on the beach are oblivious to anything but the hummus in their stomachs and the warm waters of the Mediterranean on their toes; a man rides his bike down the sidewalk, toting a basket of fresh manaeesh just waiting to be eaten; a woman, in the midst of traffic, reaches out of her car window and gives a bottle of water to the frazzled boy wandering the streets. You step out of the way of the hurried driver, and he shouts a frantic apology out the window while throwing you a friendly wave. And now that you can finally hear your own thoughts, you will stop wondering and you will just know, â€Å"This place is perfection.†

Isotopes, sub-atomic particles and relative atomic mass free essay sample

Isotopes, sub-atomic particles and relative atomic mass Sub-atomic particles A subatomic particle Is a particle smaller than an atom: It may be elementary or composite. In 1905, Albert Einstein demonstrated the physical reality of the photons, hypothesized by Max Planck in 1900, in order to solve the problem of black body radiation In thermodynamics. In 1874, G. Johnstone Stoney postulated a rnlnlmum unit of electrical charge, for which he suggested the name electron in 1891. In 1897, J. J. Thomson confirmed Stoneys conjecture by discovering the first subatomic particle, the electron (now denoted e-). Subsequent speculation about the structure of atoms was severely constrained by Ernest Rutherfords 1907 gold foll experiment, showing that the atom is mainly empty space, with almost all its mass concentrated in a (relatively) tiny atomic nucleus. The development of the quantum theory led to the understanding of chemistry in terms of the arrangement of electrons in the mostly empty volume of atoms. We will write a custom essay sample on Isotopes, sub-atomic particles and relative atomic mass or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Particle physics and nuclear physics concern themselves with the study of these particles, their interactions, and matter made up of them which do not aggregate Into atoms. These particles include atomic constituents such s electrons, protons, and neutrons (protons and neutrons are actually composite particles, made up of quarks), as well as other particles such as photons and neutrinos which are produced copiously In the sun. However, most of the particles that have been discovered and studied are not encountered under normal earth conditions; they are produced in cosmic rays and during scattering processes in particle accelerators. Isotopes Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element. While all isotopes of a given element share the same number of protons, each isotope differs from the others In its number of neutrons. Radioactive isotopes The existence of isotopes was first suggested in 1912 by the radiochemist Frederick Soddy, based on studies of radioactive decay chains which indicated about 40 1 OF3 ditterent species described as radioelements (i. e. radioactive elements) between uranium and lead, although the periodic table only allowed for 1 1 elements from uranium to lead. Several attempts to separate these new radioelements chemically had failed. For example, Soddy had shown in 1910 that mesothorium (later shown to be Ra-228), radium (Ra-226, the longest-lived isotope), and thorium X (Ra-224) are impossible to separate. Attempts to place the radioelements in the periodic table led Soddy and Kazimierz FaJans independently to propose their radioactive in 1913, to the effect that alpha decay produced an element two places to the left in the periodic table, while beta decay emission produced an element one place to the right. Soddy recognized that emission of an alpha particle followed by two beta particles led to the formation of an element chemically identical to the initial element but with a mass four units lighter and with different radioactive properties. Soddy proposed that several types of atoms (differing in radioactive properties) could occupy the ame place in the table. For example, the alpha-decay of uranium-235 forms thorium-231 , while the beta decay of actinium-230 forms thorium-230 The term isotope, Greek for at the same place, was suggested to Soddy by Margaret Todd, a Scottish physician and family friend, during a conversation in which he explained his ideas to her. In 1914 T. W. Richards found variations between the atomic weight of lead from different mineral sources, attributable to variations in isotopic composition due to different radioactive origins Stable isotopes The first evidence for isotopes of a stable (non-radioactive) element was found by J. J. Thomson in 1913 as part of his exploration into the composition of canal (positive ions). Thomson channelled streams of neon ions through a magnetic and an electric field and measured their deflection by placing a photographic plate in their path. Each stream created a glowing patch on the plate at the point it struck. Thomson observed two separate patches of light on the photographic plate (see image), which suggested two different parabolas of deflection. Thomson eventually concluded that some of the atoms in the neon gas were of higher mass than the rest. F. W. Aston subsequently discovered different stable isotopes for numerous elements sing a mass spectrograph. In 1919 Aston studied neon with sufficient resolution to show that the two isotopic masses are very close to the integers 20 and 22, and that neither is equal to the known molar mass (20. 2) of neon gas. This is an example of Astons whole number rule for isotopic masses, which states that large deviations of elemental molar masses from integers are primarily due to the fact that the element is a mixture of isotopes. Aston similarly showed that the molar mass of chlorine (35. 45) is a weighted average of the almost integral masses for the two isotopes Cl-35 and Cl-37. Relative atomic mass An atomic weight (relative atomic mass) of an element from a specified source is the ratio of the average mass per atom of the element to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of 12C The relative masses of atoms are measured using an instrument called a mass spectrometer, invented by the English physicist Francis William Aston (1877-1945) when ne was working in Cambridge wit J J. Thomson. It was in his use ot this instrument that the existence of isotopes of elements was discovered. Aston eventually discovered many of the naturally occurring isotopes of non-radioactive elements. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1922. Briefly, the mass pectrometer works by bombarding gaseous atoms with fast-moving electrons which knock out an electron from the atom. The cations formed are brought down on to a detector in turn according to their mass. The instrument provides a measure of the relative mass (compared to 12C) and the relative number of each isotope. The diagrams below represent the mass spectrum of naturally occurring chlorine. The above right spectrum has been represented so that the most abundant isotope has a relative abundance of 100%, with the other mass peaks scaled in relation to this. The relative atomic mass of chlorine is now calculated as shown below:

Market Segments Essays

Market Segments Essays Market Segments Essay Market Segments Essay Apple is marketing to people who have a few features. 1 ) Middle/Upper income folks who are willing to pay a spot more for a better user experience. paying 500 more for a computing machine is non a immense trade if you have a nice income. 2 ) People who like to hold fun with engineering. No other platform offers as many entry degree tools ( the whole iLife clump and more ) . This includes people who like to hit a batch of digital exposure or picture. It’s the whole digital hub construct. Peoples are get downing to purchase into it. 3 ) Music partisans and fans ages 12-35. 4 ) Professionals in media and design. The first two groups do overlap. but it’s a immense market. Way bigger than 5 % or whatever. Apple’s job is non truly pricing. These are the same people who pay $ 500 to acquire seats that warm up your behind. Apple’s job is the position quo. Peoples who should see macs don’t. because of a stigma of mutual exclusiveness that developed in the 90’s. Apple’s market portion and success will turn in the following 10 old ages for the simple ground that our coevalss X and Y who have been exposed to a great extent to the cyberspace weren’t utilizing computing machines much during the compatibility’ yearss But anyhow. the compatibility’ job dies when the people who believe in it are non immature any longer. Market Cleavage The market cleavage includes: Demographical bases. Geographic bases. Behavior bases. Psychographic bases. 2. 1 Demographical bases ( age. household size. life rhythm. business ) Looking into Apple. the Demographical market section is successful because they are developing merchandises on the age. life rhythm. business of the people. They are administering their merchandises into assorted topographic points and the Personal computers are categorized on age. household size. for illustration they would hold more games and amusement in the Personal computers for the childs and a professional Personal computer with all the latest software’s. 2. 2 Geographic bases ( provinces. parts. states ) Looking into the geographical bases of Apple they have established their concern all over the universe like U. S. . South America. Europe. Japan. and Australia. Recently Apple chose to implement a perpendicular growing scheme and began spread outing their ain retail shops. The company besides sells its merchandise via third-parties traders. or via cyberspace through their ain web site or through the iTunes online music shops. 2. 3 Behavior bases ( merchandise cognition. use. attitudes. and responses ) In this market section Apple supplying good merchandise cognition to the clients by advertising on hunt engines. T. V. as they have a really good trade name image. Using this trade name image they are continuously coming up with new thoughts and merchandises and pulling the clients. Apple has got a really good response rate as many of the clients are looking for new designs and advanced merchandises which Apple is successfully presenting. 2. 4 Psychographic bases ( lifestyle. values. personality ) Looking into Apple the psychographic market section is successful because they are developing merchandises on the life style of the people such as Mac book for the younger coevals. Apple holding a really good trade name image has really good value for its merchandises as they are different and advanced. Looking into the personality ( manner ) sector Apple is supplying their merchandises with different colourss for the people who like fancy colourss.

English Oral GWTPE Essay

English Oral GWTPE Essay English Oral GWTPE Essay English Oral - The girl with the Pearl Earring Johannes Vermeer was a deep thinker. He knew this because his mother had told him one day after finding him sat round the back of the baker’s shop, hidden from view, staring at the plumes of smoke coming from the chimney of a neighbouring house. Vermeer hadn’t understood his mother’s anger and astonishment when she found him there; after all, he wasn’t doing anything wrong. Nevertheless she said, it was late, going on for sunset, and she hadn’t known where he was. He argued that he had only sat down for a minute to watch the smoke form different patterns against the sky; it was very clear that day, and although cold, without knowing it he’d been there for hours. Ten years on from that day, and his mother still worried about him. She worried about the long hours he worked at the apothecary, and the bruises that seemed to appear out of nowhere, marking his otherwise flawlessly pale skin. She had suggested that she should take a look at them, but Vermeer refused and tugged at the sleeves of his shirt, pulling them further down towards his wrists and hiding the purple blemishes. Early one cold winter morning, Vermeer set off on the short walk to the apothecary. As he breathed he could feel the sharp, icy air fill his lungs and he concentrated on the ground in front of him, so not to slip on the ice. In some ways he enjoyed being out so early; it was like making the first footprints in freshly laid snow. He arrived at the shop and entered through the back door, and still wearing his outdoor clothing, began his work, sweeping, putting in order jars and bottles, removing some of them from their places to dust the shelves, cleaning the weighing scales. It wasn’t a man’s work, his brother had told him, but Vermeer didn’t mind, one day he would become the apothecary himself, and not just the assistant. An hour later, the apothecary arrived and opened up the shop for business. He was a short, round little man with a bad temper that Vermeer knew only too well. Of course, Vermeer never challenged his master as he wanted to keep his job; he knew the small amount of money he earned was important to his mother. So he endured his master’s occasional fits of temper and did everything in his power to keep him happy. The day went smoothly and for once, his master sent him home early. Walking home by the canal, eyes fixed on the ground, something caught Vermeer’ eye. Lying on the ground in front of him was a shiny pearl earring. It looked so out of place, clean and beautiful, contrasted against the dark and dull ground, it could not be mistaken. Jeremias paused, bent down, and picked it up very carefully between his thumb and forefinger. He’d never seen anything like it. The pearl was large, bigger than he’d ever seen before, and as he turned it into the light, hundreds of colours came alive on its surface, shimmering and shining. It was entirely mesmerising. A shout awoke Vermeer from his dream-like state, and he looked up. ‘Oh! You there! Yes!’ Vermeer focused on the small woman hurrying toward him, her face was red and flustered, her hands stretched out in front of her. ‘You found it, you found my mistress’ pearl, thank you so much!’ gushed the woman, now standing very close to Vermeer, she reached out for the earring. Vermeer released the pearl from his delicate grip, and let it fall into the woman’s palm. Her fist closed tightly round it. ‘Thank you so much – erm?’ ‘Johannes, Johannesburg Vermeer’ stammered Vermeer. ‘Mr Vermeer, yes, my mistress will be so pleased, I’ll return it to her straight away. Thanks’ said the woman, without taking breath. She hurried away, and as Vermeer watched, she caught up with a young girl, no older than himself. She was all wrapped up in a blue cloak, and standing not far ahead of him. As the woman gestured toward Vermeer, who was still standing fixed in his spot, the girl lifted her eyes to look at him directly. Even from this distance Vermeer could tell she

Quiz 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quiz 2 - Assignment Example It is a two sided structure which encompasses criminal trial courts that involves the prosecution being against the defense. Fairness is achieved when an effective petitioner is able to convince the jury or judge that their view of the case is the right one (Boyack, Connor 2011). It tends to test the validity of arguments and this helps in discovering the truth as the adversaries are are offered equal opportunities to air their arguments for their case and to critically questioning the opponents arguments mainly via witnesses. The adversarial system is accepted by many communities since it appears to be fair and a sensible method of resolving conflicts or disputes as it satisfies the idea of fair play in a community (Tarakson, Stella 2004). The law can be sourced from precedents, precedents is sourcing laws from previously made judgments that is judgment passed by some of the intellectuals jurists ,it is normally used when there is no legislature in a particular situation where changing conditions arises. Statutory interpretation-it involves a process of ascertaining expressions and meanings of letters by courts, it involves constructing or interpretation, as for interpretation the court seeks to ascertain meanings of particular legislations and it is through the interpretations that the judiciary comes up with the law. Preparatory works-the processes that lead to legislation are subsequently used as guidelines on how laws are interpreted and comprehend acts of legislations and this takes place in some legal cultures (Hein, Paul, Garcia & Clair

Does the use of prophylactic antibiotics ensure the prevention of Research Paper

Does the use of prophylactic antibiotics ensure the prevention of surgical site infections - Research Paper Example Several strategies have been suggested to improve antibiotic prophylaxis (AP), including: providing education or individualized feedback to clinicians; establishing multidisciplinary protocols to ameliorate team-level communication; implementing institutional antibiotic prophylaxis programs involving integrated systems to reduce, curtail or control the administration of antibiotics (Gagliardi, Fenech, Eskicioglu, Nathens & McLeod, 2009). With the goal of optimizing antibiotic prophylaxis of surgical-site infections a multidisciplinary approach has been recently revised by Olin (Olin, 2006). The author presents the main points in prescribing, dispensing, and administration practices to achieve 100% compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis, and he cites in particular: initiating prophylactic antimicrobials within one hour of surgical incision, by choosing them according to guidelines, and discontinuing antimicrobial prophylaxis within 24 hours after surgery (Olin, 2006). A crucial issue in antibiotic-based peri-operative prophylaxis is the timing of antibiotic delivery. Although there is a general agreement on recommending antibiotic treatment within one to two hours of incision for patients undergoing surgery, contrasting results demand further research. Several clinical studies continue to be published yearly, aiming at optimizing the timing of antibiotic treatments (Gupta, Hote, Choudhury, Kapil & Bisoi, 2010). The purpose of my assay is to evaluate a recently published evidence-based nursing research aimed to assess the effects of the SURPASS checklist on implementation on antibiotic prophylaxis (de Vries, Dijkstra, Smorenburg, Meijer & Boermeester, 2010). SURPASS is the acronym for SURgical Patient Safety System, a checklist previously developed by the same authors of the study hereby analyzed, which was aimed to increase standardization surgical procedures and patient safety (de Vries, Hollmann, Smorenburg, Gouma & Boermeester, 2009). Research study synopsis and analysis De Vries et al. (2010) performed a retrospective analysis on two cohorts of patients who underwent surgery before and after implementation of the SURPASS checklist, with the specific aim to determine whether the introduction of the implemented SURPASS checklist affected the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis. Importantly, the retrospectively collected data (including those extracted from the electronic patient data management system) were validated by observations, in which actual times of antibiotic administration and incision were recorded. This approach validated the use of electronic records of hospitalized patient management. A total of 772 surgical procedures were included in the study, divided in two cohorts treated with pre- and post-implementation (PI) checklist, respectively. Patient characteristics were listed in Table 1 of the paper. The latter and the use of a PI checklist were independent variables. Dependent variables were the intervals between antibiotics administration and incision (Figure 2 of the paper), expressed as a function of checklist implementation, i.e. in surgery performed before or after checklist implementation. Since in the PI cohort the checklist was actually used in

Router and Switch Configuration Essay Example for Free

Router and Switch Configuration Essay When installing, setting, and configuring a switch it is important to know what kind of switch is needed and installed in the network. For this purpose I have chosen the Cisco switches main line, which is the Catalyst Switches, which is one of the popular series and models. They include fixed-configuration desktop models, configurable plug-and-play modular chassis models and packages with high-speed buses into which many cards can be inserted. To configure the Cisco Catalyst switch I will use the Visual Switch Manager, which is an IOS command line interface, or I can use the management console. The VSM is tool operated through a web browser interface and the management console is a simple, menus based interface. To access the CLI, the switch’s console port, which is at the back of the switch, must be plugged into a computer terminal or modem with an RJ-45 rollover cable and the appropriate adapter. Then one runs a terminal emulation program, which can be HyperTerminal that comes with Windows, to specify the port to communicate with. It is imperative that the settings of the switch console port and the management station or modem match or you cannot communicate. Assuming the switch and the settings are connected and match you will be shown a User Interface Menu. To move into the CLI, you press the [K] key. When you want to configure the switch using menus you would then press the [M] key (for menu). There are three categories of information which make up the console interface: configuration, statistics, and diagnostics. The configuration menu contains information on the current setting of the switch parameters. Many of these parameters are also configurable through the console interface. The second category contains switch statistics information. Through the statistics screens, users can monitor switch performance. The third menu set contains diagnostic/troubleshooting commands enabling field engineers and knowledgeable network administrators to perform simple troubleshooting functions. A factory-configured switch has no password assigned. To add or change the password, use the Password Menu. The Ethernet switch console can be accessed by establishing a telnet connection to port 6 of the terminal concentrator, which is long distance managing. Telnet is a utility used for remotely login to a device. The Cisco switch IOS have different EXEC modes with distinctive prompts. You can use these modes for executing different Cisco switch commands. The Cisco IOS user interface is divided into many different modes. The commands available to you depend on which mode you are currently in. Enter a question mark (? ) at the system prompt to obtain a list of commands available for each command mode. When you start a session on the switch, you begin in user mode, often called user EXEC mode. Only limited subsets of the commands are available in user EXEC mode. For example, most of the user EXEC commands are one-time commands, such as show commands, which show the current configuration status, and clear commands, which clear counters or interfaces. The user EXEC commands are not saved when the switch reboots. To have access to all commands, you must enter privileged EXEC mode. Normally, you must enter a password to enter privileged EXEC mode. From this mode, you can enter any privileged EXEC command or enter global configuration mode. The following are commands and their uses; User EXEC begins the session with the switch and the user prompt looks like this, Switch, use this mode to change terminal settings, perform basic tests, and display system information. Privileged EXEC, while in user EXEC mode enter enable command and the prompt will look like this, Switch#, use this mode to verify commands that you have entered. Use the password to protect access to this mode. Global configuration, while in privileged EXEC mode enter the configure command, the prompt will look like this, Switch (config) #, you use this mode to configure parameters that apply to the entire switch. Config-vlan , While in global configuration mode, enter the vlan vlan-id command, the prompt will look like this, Switch(config-vlan)#, you will use this mode to configure VLAN parameters. When VTP mode is transparent, you can create extended-range VLANs (VLAN IDs greater than 1005) and save configurations in the switch startup configuration file. VLAN configuration, While in privileged EXEC mode, enter the vlan database command, the prompt will look like this, Switch (vlan) #, you will use this mode to configure VLAN parameters for VLANs 1 to 1005 in the VLAN database. Interface configuration, while in global configuration mode, enter the interface command (with a specific interface), the prompt will look like this, Switch (config-if) #, you will use this mode to configure parameters for the Ethernet interfaces. Line configuration, while in global configuration mode, the prompt will look like this, Switch (config-line) #, this will specify a line with the line vty or line console command, you will use this mode to configure parameters for the terminal line. A VLAN is a switched network that is logically segmented by function, project team, or application, without regard to the physical locations of the users. VLANs have the same characteristics as physical LANs, but you can group end stations even if they are not physically located on the same LAN segment. Any switch port can belong to a VLAN, and unicast, broadcast, and multicast packets are forwarded and flooded only to end stations in the VLAN. Each VLAN is considered a logical network, and packets destined for stations that do not belong to the VLAN must be forwarded through a router or bridge. A VLAN comes appears when a local port is configured to be associated with the VLAN, when the VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) learns of its existence from a neighbor on a trunk, or when a user creates a VLAN. A trunk port carries the traffic of multiple VLANs and by default is a member of all VLANs in the VLAN database. To do this one must switch to global configuration mode. To add ports to the VLAN, change to the Interface Configuration mode and use the vlan-membership static vlan# command. When done, you can view the VLANs by typing the show vlan command. To build redundancy and eliminate the creation of multiple broadcast packets, spanning tree protocol (STP) must be configured on the network switches. Spanning tree protocol allows a switch to recognize which switch on the network is handling broadcast requests from other devices on the network. STP is a Layer 2 link management protocol that provides path redundancy while preventing loops in the network, but you can enable STP on only 128 VLANs. Before you configure STP, select a switch to be the root of the spanning tree. This switch does not need to be the most powerful switch, but choose the most centralized switch on the network. All data flow across the network is from the perspective of this switch. Also, choose the least disturbed switch in the network. The backbone switches often serve as the spanning tree root because these switches typically do not connect to end stations. Also, moves and changes within the network are less likely to affect these switches†. You should type show command to show the version of the software for the switches, and then type the set spantree root vlan_id command, in order to set the priority of the switch to 8192 for the VLAN or VLANs that the vlan id specifies. Then you should type the set, spantree portfast mod_num/port_num enable command, in order to configure the PortFast setting on Switches 12, 13, 14, 16, and 17. Issue the show spantree vlan_id command in order to verify that Switch 15 is the root of all the appropriate VLANs.

Bill Gates: One of America’s Greatest Essay -- Biography, Bill Gates

When people think of a hero they think of Superman, Batman, or Spiderman, but what they should think of are people that make difference. Bill Gates has made a huge difference in today’s world; he is an extremely successful entrepreneur, an active philanthropist, and a very motivated person in general. With this motivation he has and will accomplish anything he puts his mind to. He was CEO of Microsoft and became the richest man in the world. He also created one of the most credible and generous charitable organization in the world. As a positive influence on today’s world, Bill Gates has proven himself as person with his good work ethic, positive attitude, and great accomplishments. To become one of the most influential people in the world, Gates had to have the work ethic and determination to get there. With great work ethic he started, as a child, with debugging computers for local people in his town (â€Å"Gates, William Henry, III† 1). This also started his love for computers, and as he researched and started figuring computers out he became more skillful with them. After he started debugging computers, he began to dabble in writing software programs, his first program that he and his friends made was a computerized payroll system for his high school (â€Å"Gates, Bill† 1). He and his friends then proceeded to make more complicated programs, such as Traf-O-Data, which was a traffic counting program that Gates and his partner Paul Allen sold to the city they lived in for $20,000 when they were just fifteen years old (â€Å"William H. Gates† 1). Another activity that Gates and his friends used to enjoy was going through their local software company’s garbage, looking for discarded software programs. When they found these progra... ... caring he is; he donated much of his money to save millions of lives so to make the world a better place. People look up to him for many things, but this is the most noble and beneficial, which turns an influential person into a quintessential role model for millions of people. Bill Gates, a positive person and role model, has done much for this nation and world with his motivation, ability to learn, and positive attitude. He is one of the most successful people alive because of all that he has achieved, and all that has done. As a child he was just as motivated, with his software engineering and business savvy, as he is as an adult today. He has achieved so much, the status of entrepreneur, business man, and philanthropist. He continues to surprise the world with his accomplishments and will not stop; he is someone to look up too, a modern day hero.

Places In To Kill a Mockingbird Essay

To Kill a Mockingbird is set in Maycomb County, an imaginary district in southern Alabama. The time is the early 1930s, the years of the Great Depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread in the United States. For parts of the deep South like Maycomb County, the Depression meant only that the bad times that had been going on for decades got a little bit worse. These rural areas had long been poor and undeveloped. Scout, through whose eyes the story is narrated, presents Depression-era Maycomb as†an old tired town†, describing the slow pace of life (â€Å"There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County†). As the problem of segregation is in the center of the novel it stands to reason if one takes into account that the action takes place in the South, namely in Alabama where segregation battles were especially fierce. In a way the novel is a coming-of-age story about southern culture as it took its steps toward emerging from its racist past. We can also trace the change of describing the setting. During the first half of Mockingbird Harper Lee constructs a sweet and affectionate portrait of growing up in the vanished world of small town Alabama..   Lee, however, proceeds to undermine her portrayal of small town gentility during the second half of the book.   Lee dismantles the sweet faà §ade to reveal a rotten, rural underside filled with social lies, prejudice, and ignorance. In my opinion, Scout, one of the main characters in the novel, is a dynamic one. At the beginning of the novel, Scout is an innocent, good-hearted five-year-old child who has no experience with the evils of the world. As the novel progresses, Scout has her first contact with evil in the form of racial prejudice, and the basic development of her character is governed by the question of whether she will emerge from that contact with her conscience and optimism intact or whether she will be bruised, hurt, or destroyed like Boo Radley and Tom Robinson. Thanks to Atticus’s wisdom, Scout learns that though humanity has a great capacity for evil, it also has a great capacity for good, and that the evil can often be mitigated if one approaches others with an outlook of sympathy and understanding. Scout’s development into a person capable of assuming that outlook marks the culmination of the novel and indicates that, whatever evil she encounters, she will retain her conscience without becoming cynical or jaded. Though she is still a child at the end of the book, Scout’s perspective on life develops from that of an innocent child into that of a near grown-up. Six-year-old Jean Louise â€Å"Scout† is a joyful, vigorous and defiant girl. Her appearance and manners are boyish. She works hard not to â€Å"act like a girl† by wearing overalls instead of dresses and beating up other children who antagonize her. Extremely smart and bright for her age, Scout loves to read. For example, Scout manages to keep out of fights until Christmas day, when her least favorite cousin calls Atticus a â€Å"nigger-lover,† and she responds by punching him. Or Though Scout is young and impressionable, she becomes a spokesperson for her entire class, interacting with the adult teacher comfortably; this shows that though a child, she is more grown-up than some of her peers. Scout spends her days playing outside with her older brother, Jem, and her best friend, Dill. Spunky and head strong, Scout often finds herself in trouble with her father, her housekeeper, Calpurnia, her neighbors, her aunt Alexandra, and her teachers.   Despite the rules of etiquette governing life in her small town, Scout voices her opinions and recognizes hypocrisy and injustice in her elders. As the novel progresses, the children’s changing attitude toward Boo Radley is an important measurement of her development from innocence toward a grown-up moral perspective. At the beginning of the book, he is merely a source of childhood superstition. In saving Jem and Scout from Bob Ewell, Boo proves the ultimate symbol of good.

Customer LIfestyle and Behaviour

According to ‘DC, it is important for local companies in Malaysia to have a good understanding of the marketplace for their products and their target customers before engaging themselves in online retailing to ensure that they are able to develop more effective ND meet the requirements and expectations of their online shopping customers (Deadline Chug AFAIK Hard, All. Kuwaiti, and Husbanding bin Small, 2006) Demographic influences online consumer behavior Demographic based on variables like age, gender, income and occupation which can influence consumer behavior dramatically.Age Graph 1: Statistic for Malaysian Online Shopping- Age Sources: http://humanities. Com. My/blob/online-shopping-statistics-in- Malaysia. HTML Graph 1 above shows the Malaysian online shopping which affected by age. Statistic shows the highest rank is 26 years old to 30 years old because most of hem are single and non-married nations and they have the ability to purchase in online shopping. However, the l owest rank of the age is 21 years old and below because majorities are students and they do not have financial to purchase products and services instead of their financial is control by their parents.Gender Figure 1: Percentages of gender in online shopping Sources: http://UCLA. Com/business-hemline-shopping-scenes tm_source=afterburner=feed=Feed:+Kclau+ In perception of genders, statistic shows that males (56%) are more active on online purchasing while the females (44%) are catching up. This is because most of males are sensitive in technology gadgets and they are better in purchasing convenience important products. Whereas, females purchase products emotionally and individually, which means most of the time they purchase clothes, shoes, bags, cosmetics etc.Especially females who are below 21 years old always purchase K-pop stuffs via online shopping. Income Table 1: Income in Malaysia Sources: http://www. acAcademiaedDueownload Figure above shows the average of MaMalaysianannual income. Nations who earned less than RMARMY000 will always enjoy online shopping because they can look for cheaper products. However, the frequency of online shopping will decrease if the income increasing because they have ability to purchase expensive and quality products Occupation Chart 1: Statistic for Malaysian Online Shopping maMalaysiahtHTMLigure above shows the statistic of online shopping.The statistic shows that top management executive always used to online shopping as they need to up-to-date for the new products, technologies and systems so that they can earn the profit and reduce the cost. However, most of the retired and unemployed nations are laggards and they are not familiar to online shopping. Online buying behavior There are Top 6 Online shopping sites in Malaysia. However, each online shopping site has their own characteristics and specialty. LeLongmyMynd eBay Malaysia are the most popular local auction in Malaysia that you can search for the cheapest price of g adgets, DSDSSSLameras, computers and fashions.Customers also can look for discount and great offer in this website. ZaAzaleamyMynd LuLovelaceashion are the most well-known boutique websites that every customer loves to browse especially females because they can buy a lot of clothes, bags and shoes without shipping cost and every purchased items will send to house. SuSuperblyalaysia is backed by MaMaybugor shop luxury and quality products online at affordable cost. Whereas BeBustyorld is the online shop for cosmetics, fragrances, skin care, make up and health care.Table 2: Summary of Top 6 online websites (self-made) Frequency of Shopping Online Table 3: Frequency of Shopping Online Sources: http://ssSSLaiApplobal. coComN/asAsiaxpress/archives/1090 Chart 2: Frequency of Shopping Online Sources: Self-made According to table 3 and chart 2, the highest percentage of frequency of shopping online is about once a month (24%) and the lowest percentage of frequency of hopping online is almos t every day (1 This is because MaMalaysianre busy in their work and family and there are some people who are still believe that the security still dangerous.Respondents purchase online Table 4. ; What respondents purchase online ; http://ssSSLaiApplobal. coComN/asAsiaxpress/archives/1090 Sources. Chart 3. Based on the table 4 and chart 3, clothes and fashion accessories are the highest percentage which MaMalaysianill purchase online because there are many types of cheap clothes and they can shop around before purchase. ZaAzaleamyMys the example f clothes and fashion accessories website. Figure 2: ZaAzaleamyMyources: http://www. zaAzaleacoComy/YHowever, the lowest percentage of purchase online is white (major) appliances such as refrigerator because consumers prefer to see the quality of the appliances more than the price. If the quality of appliances is higher and the usage is long, consumers will afford to purchase if the price is not so expensive. Reasons of purchasing online Base d on the pilot test, 73% of MaMalaysianre prefer to purchase clothes and fashion accessories because it is hard to find suitable clothes in a day and it is wasting of immimef they purchase via offline shopping.They can do some research like price, shipping cost, services and varieties of products from different website. Besides, 40% of MaMalaysianoves to purchase books from online because there are some books are not selling in Malaysia such as â€Å"DuDeducefrom China. These books are recommended by every Chinese teacher but due to the low demand, these are not supply in Malaysia. So, MaMalaysianho are interested in these books only can purchase via online. Moreover, they will save their money as they will only direct and focus on what they should purchase.Unlike offline shopping, MaMalaysianill buy additional items instead of purchase their needs and wants such as physical stores that use the product placement and sales to attract them to purchase items. In addition, there are 25 % of the nations will purchase toys from online like minions, piupchucknd etc. Furthermore, 24% of MaMalaysianrefer to purchase medical supplies and cosmetics through online because some of the medical supplies and cosmetics difficult to purchase in Malaysia as they have not be approved by Malaysia's government. Environmental factor drives/discourages of online shoppingEnvironmental factor include political (also includes legal) and social which will influence the online shopping. In Malaysia, there are some cyber laws to protect nations for example Digital Signature Act 1997, Computer Crime Act 1997, The Copyright Act 1997, The Communication and Multimedia Act 1998 and The Electronic Government Activities Act 2007 (NiKnitmoMostgoGobmyMy2010). Those are positive influence to nations who are decided to have online purchasing. However, social cases have affected consumer bebehaviorhat there are negative incidents were happened for online purchasing.For example, nations fear of online purchasing because it is not security via online transaction, which means there will be spsparen your computer like personal data and account number will be detected and stolen. Negative impact from the environmental factor will be hard to boost up Malaysia's economic. Moreover, It is hard to identify the quality of the product like most of teenagers nowadays prefer to buy K-Pops' albums, posters and so on through online and they feel angry and disappointed that the products that they purchased are not in good quality.Psychological factor drives/discourages of online shopping MaMoscowierarchy can be used to represent the psychological factors which developed by Abraham MaMoscown year 1943. MaMoscowierarchy shows the drives and discourages of online shopping. Figure 3: MaMoscowierarchy Sources: http://www. psPsychologicallycoComlblobide-and-seek/201205/our-hierarchy- needs MaMascotsierarchy is used because MaMalaysianeed to have a comfortable and easy lifestyle. After they know the n eeds and wants via online purchasing, they will ask for safety which is security in morality, family, health and resources.However, if they got the negative feedback from friends and family, they will not onuntiedo purchase products and services via online. Meaning, nations must go through first step which is physiological before they enter to other layers. China Demographic Age Figure 1: percentage of age purchase online Source: http://www. fzFizzlingcoComnfo/view/2011 _6/1 51020438. htHTMLrom the graph we can see that 18-30 years old people is the most percentage to choose online shopping, the age below 18 percentage is almost similar with age between 31 and 35. Ages at 36 above are less to choose online shopping.We also can see that age between 18 and 24 the percentage growth very fast. Basic this, we can now that in China, young people are more prefer online shopping than old people. Figure 2: percentage of income purchase online Source: http://www. emNearsightedlycoComouurinals htHTMLarArticled723343&sh0†². FhFifthhe online purchase group in China is more in low-income family. It is get 62. 9%. (Lower than CNCCNY000 per month); the middle incomes get 35. 5%. (Higher than CNCCNY000 but lower than CNCCNY0000 per month); and the high income family percentage lust 1. 6%).Gender Figure 3: Gender percentage of China online purchase. Source: http://www. liLionfishcoComcnCNNeb/oversea_show. asAspsArArticled34279 From this graph, we can see that online purchase in China, male is more than female. It is have different with our traditional concept. The male to female ratio was 5. 4: 4. 6, slightly more male consumers. Occupation Figure 4: Occupation percentage of online shopping Source: http://www. liLionfishcoComcnCNNeb/oversea_show. asAspsArArticled34279 For occupation, student this group is get percentage 20. 4%. Technical, worker and basic social worker almost get 39. %. However, the high level managers Just get 2. 2%. From there we can see that the distribu tion of Job, age, income is the same. Education Figure 5: Education of online shopping From this graph, we can see that the education has negative relationship with the percentage of online shopping. The more education level higher, they will lesser online shopping. Online buying behavior There are a lot of online shoppers in China. But mainly market is share by around 9 brand of online shopping company. The first place for China online market is TmTamaleIt can get around 50. 8% market shares.And the second place is JiJinglingIt can get around 17. 1% market shares. The third place is TeTangentIt can get around 5. 6% market shares. The details are as below: Figure 6: market shares of China online sales Source: http://www. chCinematographiccoCom836/china-online-shopping-market- snapshot-for-q2sq013/ Frequency of item purchase online Figure 6: Frequency of purchase online in China Source: http://www. reArchdiocesancoComtHTMLeport/2010/5970. htHTMLn China, most people online shopping ar e about twice to four times per month. And only 3. 8% people no shopping online experience.As this research, we can find that online shopping is very general in China Attitude Nowadays, online shopping becomes more and more popular in China. In these 10 years, more Chinese choose purchase online. Especially the young generation, they refer purchase online than shopping at store. During the survey, there are 47. 4% people prefer online shopping, 40% have no attitude and 12. 6% people dislike online shopping. (ReRestheHerscoCom2013) Some of people who have online shopping experience worried about the quality of the product and the post purchase service.During the survey, around 55% people worried about the quality, and 27. 1% people worried about the post purchase service. (ReRestheHerscoCom2013) So the most online shopping people's attitude is choosing the famous online shopping website and good evaluate shopping store. Reasons of making purchases Price Online product is always cheap er than the one in shopping mall. It is because online shopping can save the capital for rent store, transportation, and so on. And there is no agent to deduct a percentage from a sum of money. So the price is always cheap for customers.Compare For online shopping website, there are thousands of stores for the customer, and every store has different products for customer to choose. So the consumer can easily to compare the same product from different brand or store. It is better for consumer to make evaluation. Time Online shopping can save time for the people who do not have enough time for hopping. Shopping online Just clicks the mouse, and then you can purchase what you want. It is fast and easy for you. Environmental and psychological affect online shopping Environmental In China, the environmental pollution is a big problem.The automobile exhaust is the one reason leads that. So the companies provide the website for people shopping online. It can decline the pollution and make a healthful life style. For the customer, they also prefer online shopping. The environmental pollution is bad for the health. People inhale hazardous substance can lead many types of disease. The bad weather lsalsoan lead less shopping for sell in store. But online shopping will not have this kind problem. Whatever raining, snowing, or clouding outside, it will no effect of online shopping. For the company, it will keep the sale stabilized.For the online shopper, they can purchase their favorites product any time. So the environment can affect online shopping. Psychological Online shopping no needing use the real money, they usually use the credit card to pay. The customers do not have the behavior pay the real money, it will lead they have less conscious of money, thus no control for purchase. For the online shopping ommanyit is an advantage thing. But for customers, they usual regret after purchase. In another hand, online shopping have model to show the product to the consumers. The visual stimulation also is a point that leads more purchase behavior. People believe that the same effect of product will come to their own. Actually, different people suit for different things. Model has standard stature, and beautiful face. But not all the consumer has that. So we can see that the psychological also a point to affect online shopping. Japan Demographic influences online consumer behavior of Japanese in terms of age, ncincomegender and occupation (KoKettlend Keller, 2012). Age In terms of age, Japanese are mostly made up of generation of middle-age group of people.From the statistic shown below, Japan might not encounter the same issue of aging like Singapore as the number of young-born generation is increasing and there is a pro for Japan to accelerate their economic transformation. Figure: Average age of Japanese Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication Gender in Japan Figure: Average Gender in Japan From the graph above, it is vivid that the wom en dominated the Japan population, and then followed by men. There is about 25. 5 million of married couple which forms their family. Only a small part of people are in widow state.Disposable Income Figure: Disposable income of Japanese families It is analyzed that a family with a working head-of-household had a gross income of Yen 562,094. It is notable that the steep increase in disposable income in December. This is due to the year-end bonuses that Japanese workers received. Occupation and Lifestyle There are six type of popular occupation in Japan which is teacher, fisherman, models, physical therapist, engineer and chef. Japanese people enjoy a high standard f living, and nearly 90% of the population consider themselves part of the middle class.However, many studies on happiness and satisfaction with life tend to find that Japanese people average relatively low levels of life satisfaction and happiness. Japan Consumer Online Shopping Behavior Figure 1. 0: Frequency of online sh opping in Japan Source: http://ssSSLaiApplobal. coComN/asAsiaxpress/archives/1090 From the analysis of the chart above, it can be identified that the online shopping behavior of Japanese is very active. 36% of the respondents will shop online for almost every week. The highest number of Japanese, about 18% will shop online for about once every two weeks.In general, Japanese online shopping is categorized as purchased online regularly as more of the people will be online shopping within a month. Figure 2. 0: Frequency of items purchased online in Japan From the above chart, it can be analyzed that most of the Japanese like to purchase the clothes and fashion accessories by online shopping. This is due to the modern thinking and Y-generation style. The second preferred items that Japanese purchase online are food and drinks. This includes the fast food restaurants as the people owdoodadsre very busy of their hectic life and work. After that, it is followed by books category.This inclu des the magazines, newspapers, e-books and so on. This is quite common among Japanese because they like reading pretty much. Meanwhile, stationeries and major appliances shared the same dividend of 5% respectively. Toys score the least for 4% because the parents are more likely to bring their children to buy the toys in shopping complex rather than online shopping. Reasons for Japanese to make such Purchases Generally, Japanese perceive online shopping to be convenience (71 %) and easy 29%), with 62% of the respondents claiming that online shopping is easier than shopping via offline catalogue and telephone (Freeze, 2000).In the pilot test survey, a questionnaire is distributed and the respondents are allowed to make more than one reasons of purchasing online. For Japanese, according to website of online shopping behavior in Asia(2013), 78% of the respondents indicated that secure payment facility and convenient payment methods are the driving force. This is because they are confide nt towards the money transfer between bank and mobile phone which needs deidentificationhen they purchase online.From the website of online shopping behavior in Asia(2013) too, 86% of the respondents viewed that price and value is the most important factors because many times for conventional shopping they tend to spend a lot more than the required expenses like eating out and trtravelingFrom the analysis too, it can be identified that Japanese are really not concerned about the reputation of the website and customer service of the website. For 82% of them provide opinions that low delivery charges will be their major concern since some of he websites provide free shipping of they purchase till certain amount of money (Freeze, 2000).Furthermore, Japanese are quite neutral towards the speedy transaction of the website. Plus, 70% of them are more focus towards promotional offers because they can find great deals everywhere, that made up for shipping and handling fees (Freeze, 2000). E nvironmental Factors Drives/Discourage Online Shopping Japan has always been perceived as one of the world's healthiest societies. Japanese consumers are increasingly conscious of their health. Despite the issue of pollution ndNDegree of polluted of environmental factor, Hawkins and MoMotherboards010) mentioned that Japanese more likely to purchase online.Besides that, they would not have the problem of finding a parking place. This means that environmental consciousness has been emerging and results in active online shopping in Japan. A survey conducted last year by the global advertising agency J. Walter Thompson found that 51 percent of Japanese consumers are more focused on the environment(ScCoffmannd KaSankt al, 2010). The survey found that the Japanese will buy environmental friendly products in the next five years extensively.

Personality And The Nature Vs Nurture Debate. essays

Personality And The Nature Vs Nurture Debate. essays Psychology is a scientific analysis of state of mind and behaviour. These studies have been taking place for over the last hundred years, the nature versus nurture debate is something that many psychologists have been unable to agree on for quite some time. A person in favour of the nature theory would believe that the genetic build up of someone is what determines his or her personality. A person in favour of the nurture theory would believe that the environment is what determines his or her personality. Skinner was a behaviourist and is probably best known for his writing on operant conditioning. He believed that most behaviour was a product of what he named ABC. This stands for Antecedents, behaviour, and Consequences. Antecedents are thought of as stimuli e.g. if someone is working in a factory and hears the sound of a bell they may leave their work area for their lunch, the bell is the stimuli (antecedents) to go for lunch. Behaviour is our actions, what we are doing. Working on the factory line or taking notes from the supervisor are both parts of behaviour linked to a day at work. Consequences are the outcome of the behaviour. Getting promoted at work, a pay rise, a good reference or even just a pat on the back from the boss are all consequences of good behaviour in the place of work. According to Skinner, we learn consequences of good behaviour by reinforcement. There are two kinds of reinforcement, positive and negative, e.g. if a child was at school and the teacher was to ask a question (stimuli) and the child was to answer (behaviour) the question correctly, then hopefully the teacher would praise (consequence) the child for doing so, this would be positive reinforcement and the child is likely to repeat this behaviour. However, if the child did not answer the question correctly and the teacher criticised the child for it, then this would be considered negative reinforcement and it would be un...

APA and MLA Style Guides

APA and MLA Style Guides APA and MLA Style Guides APA and MLA Style Guides By Maeve Maddox Research is a messy business. Even when the object of the research is as limited as looking for a car or renting a house, materials accumulate: newspaper and magazine clippings, brochures, envelopes and bits of paper with names, prices, phone numbers and dates of availability jotted on them. Keeping track of these materials can be a nuisance, but for the shopper, once the desired transaction has been completed, all the source material may be discarded. Academic or scientific research intended to result in a written presentation is a different matter. All of the notes, clippings, and online documents consulted during the course of the research must be organized and presented in such a way that anyone who wishes to verify the findings may do so. That’s where the APA and MLA guidelines come in. They provide writers of research papers a systematic way to organize and present information gathered in the course of their investigations. APA = American Psychological Association (Amazon link) MLA = Modern Language Association (Amazon link) Students need to know at the outset whether they will be using MLA or APA. They can save time by recording their sources in the appropriate format for in-text citations and the bibliography. A citation is a reference quoted in the text of the research paper. A bibliography is a list of books and other source materials used in writing the research paper. It follows the text. Unlike professional scholars, who may decide for themselves which guide to use, students writing a paper for a school assignment depend upon their teachers to specify which guide to follow. Teachers of art, history, language, literature, music, philosophy or religion will most likely recommend MLA. Teachers of biology, math, health, journalism, or psychology may specify APA. APA- and MLA-formatted papers have slightly different appearances. An APA paper includes an abstract at the front; MLA does not. Long quotations are indented differently. The list of sources at the end is headed â€Å"References† in APA and â€Å"† in MLA. Sources are formatted a little differently. For example, APA emphasizes publication date: MLA According to Pernoud and Clin, â€Å"the chivalric rules of previous centuries had fallen into disuse† (194). APA According to Pernoud and Clin (1986), â€Å"the chivalric rules of previous centuries had fallen into disuse† (194). Both guides stress the importance of avoiding plagiarism by crediting ideas to sources. Both address the topic of suitable expression, but APA goes into more detail than MLA in specifying vocabulary perceived to be offensive. APA format was designed for researchers in the field of psychology. The emphasis is on such sources as technical reports, proceedings of meetings, and dissertations. Its format addresses the inclusion of extra materials (addenda) such as charts and questionnaires. MLA was designed for the study of the products of creative thought. It provides numerous examples of how to cite books, anthologies, audiovisual material, (including motion pictures), and sources like interviews, advertisements, websites, and cartoons. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Book Reviews category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†15 Great Word Games7 Sound Techniques for Effective Writing

Relevance of Standard Costing & Variance Analysis Essay - 1

Relevance of Standard Costing & Variance Analysis - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  the standard cost is a predetermined unit cost i.e. the price and standard amount of each resource to be utilized in manufacturing a product and providing a service. A variance is the difference of actual cost incurred and expected standard cost. The variance analysis involves breakup of total variance to explain how much variance is caused by difference in use of resources from the standard usage quantity and how much variance is caused by the difference in prices of resources from the standard costs. The standard costing can be advantageous only if the cost standards are carefully established and prudently used. The use of standards solely for placing blame can have negative impact on management and employees. The major advantages include better management planning, promotes economy by making the employees understand importance of cost reduction, setting selling price, management control, highlights variances in management by exception and simpli fy the inventories’ costs reducing clerical costs.As the study stresses the standard costing is suited to the control of variable and direct costs but not fixed and indirect costs, the usefulness of standard costing has been questioned because the in recent times the overhead costs have become the relevant factory costs whereas the importance of direct labour costs has diminished.  JIT is an inventory system which works towards keeping zero inventories.

Sex Education System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sex Education System - Essay Example Education has always remained the main concern for all the nations of world. States use to organize high level group of professionals to formulate the education policy for the betterment of their future generations, but have not taken enough steps for the sex education system. The introduction of sex education system in schools and colleges are an important subject. Sex and the sex education is still measured as unmentionable even in many developed nations. Parents feel discomfited to converse openly with their kids in this issue. This ignorance they become the victim of different sexually transmitted diseases.The sex education program system was first initiated by American government to the public schools in 1913. Since then, the topic has been a burning debate among many people. The main theme of the sex education in the school level was to beware the children from the sexual abuses and diseases.In this debatable subject, one section of the society believes that these kinds of insu bstantial issues should be left to the parents. While parents feel uncomfortable to talk openly on sex with their children. On the contrary side, the upsetting raise of sex related diseases emphasize that it is vital that sex education should be given more significance in the all educational institutions especially in the schools and colleges. Many believe that sex education only obliterates the morality of people because they consider that sex education educates students only about how sexual intercourse should be done.

United Kingdom's Tribunal System Reforms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

United Kingdom's Tribunal System Reforms - Essay Example The government’s White Paper 2004 implemented these reviews’ recommendations gave birth to the Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council that replaced the old body, Council of tribunal (White Paper 2004, p.8). In 2005, the government established the Tribunal’s service as an executive agency of the Department for Constitutional Affairs (DCA). Its function would be to accommodate the chief government run tribunals (Buck 2005, p.6). Following the appointment of Lord Justice Carwath as the first Senior President-designate of Tribunals, there was a publication of a Draft Bill in 2006. In November the same year, the House of Lords received the Tribunals, courts and Enforcement Bill (Buck 2006, pp 458-484) . There were a number of reasons for the reforms. First and foremost was in relation to the availability of reported decisions. The tribunal users experienced a lot of delays before they received responses to their applications and appeals. For this reason, the House of Commons made an inquiry into the Social Security and Child Support Commissioners (2000, pp 6-15). Some jurisdictions lacked hard copy reports while others had poor electronic media submission of reports. Secondly, the method of selection of cases varied amongst the jurisdictions. Rather than depend on rational thinking to select cases, tribunals depended on their historical development and procedural rules. Third, tribunals developed a common law system instead of a case-law system. This reduced their flexibility in determining case. Moreover, it watered down the role of a tribunal which is to avoid a formal doctrine that would result in binding precedents (Farmer 1974, p.21). The tribunal system experienced real change after the creation of the Councils of Tribunals. In 2008, the Upper Tribunal and the First-tier Tribunal were created. These two tribunals replaced the abundance of tribunals that were there before. In addition to that, there was a harmonization of procedures. Consequently, this reduced cases of separate jurisdictions each with their own procedure and system. A total of 107 tribunals were transferred into these two. However, the Employment Tribunal and the Employment Appeal Tribunal maintained their jurisdictions (Industrial Law Journal 2009, p. 418). The tribunals are divided into chambers. Each chamber takes up a general title dealing with issues that relate to the title. In light of the above discussion, tribunals deal with a range of issues. One of the issues at hand is the government’s proposal to give tribunals the power to oversee euthanasia or assisted suicide. Regulation of euthanasia under criminal law remains to be a contentious issue in medical law. According to Smith, England’s law makers have remained adamant in charting a clear way to handle this issue (1996, p.335). As it stands right now, England’s courts and legislators are not willing to remove the objection to the practice of euthanasia. Criminal law considers any wrongful act that leads to the loss of life as homicide. The most common of such acts is murder which earns one life imprisonment. A deliberate act of ending a life is murder. Therefore, even if a doctor ends a life upon the patient’s request, the law classifies his act as that of murder. There are cases where doctors have been charged with murder where they performed euthanasia. Dr. John Bodkin Adams, administered painkillers (The Times 1981, p. 1, 12). However, the

Factors Affecting Health Essay Example for Free

Factors Affecting Health Essay Define the following key terms: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Ageing population Youthful population Dependency Ratio www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Youthful Population – a population with a very high proportion of young people under the age of 15 Fold along here Dependency Ratio – the ratio between economically and noneconomically active population – normally expressed as a % www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 Population St Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISION What is meant by the term ‘dependent population’? Yr 10 Population www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Fold along here The people who are not working and are therefore dependent on the economically active population (ages 0-14 and 65+) www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com St Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISION Define the term Infant Mortality. The number of infants dying before the age of 1 per 1000 live births per year Fold along here Yr 10 Population www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com St Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISION Population Distribution – how a population is spread out over an area Population Density – the number of people living in a given area 2 (people per km ) Fold along here Define the following key terms: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Population Distribution Population Density Population Explosion www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Population Explosion – a very rapid increase in population www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 Population St Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISION What does DTM stand for and what is it used to show? DTM stands for The Demographic Transition Model – this is a model showing population change over time in relation to changing birth and death rates and the consequent change in overall population Fold along here Yr 10 Population www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com St Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISION Natural Decrease – the fall in population caused by deaths exceeding births. Natural Increase – the rise in population caused by births exceeding deaths Fold along here Define the following key terms: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Natural Decrease Natural Increase Depopulation www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Depopulation – a decline in the numbers of people living in an area due to out-migration or changes in birth and death rates. www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 Population St Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISION Population Growth Rate – the increase in population over a year – normally expressed as a % Population Structure – the age and sex composition of a population Fold along here Define the following key terms: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Population Growth Rate Population Structure Population Pyramids www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Population Pyramid – a diagram used to show the age and sex of a population (also known as age-sex pyramids) www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 Population St Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISION Name the following case studies: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · A case study to show the consequences of an ageing population A case study to show the consequences of a youthful population A comparison of population structures between a LIC, MIC and HIC www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com A case study to show the consequences of an ageing population – UK – East Devon (Torbay) A case study to show the consequences of a youthful population – The Gambia (Africa) Fold along here A comparison of population structures between a LIC, MIC and HIC – Philippines, Brazil Germany www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 Population St Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISION Name the following case studies: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · A case study to show how a government has reduced the birth rate An example of a densely populated area of the UK A case study to show how a government has set out to increase the birth rate (pro-natalist policy) An example of a sparsely populated area of the UK www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Fold along here ï‚ · Yr 10 Population A case study to show how a government has reduced the birth rate – China’s One Child Policy An example of a densely populated area in the UK – London and the South East A case study to show how a government has set out to increase the birth rate (pro-natalist policy) – Singapore’s â€Å"3 or more Policy† An example of a sparsely populated area of the UK – Scottish Highlands www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com St Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISION The world’s population is unevenly distributed Some areas have a high population density eg, Asia / 2 Europe (75+people/km ) Other areas of the world have a low population density 2 e.g. Canada/Greenland and Russia (

Vote No For Quebec To Be Separate From Canada :: essays research papers

Vote No For Quebec To Be Separate From Canada   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I urge you as a fellow Canadian to vote NO! to the upcoming referendum question. Canada as a whole has many unique qualities. Our most valued characteristic is our cultural diversity. Our combination of Anglophone and Francophone regions throughout our country and their ability to work together sets us apart from the rest of the world. Canada cannot function without Quebec just as Quebec cannot function without Canada.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has been said by many, that those who live in Quebec to want to separate because of their need and desire to have their own distinct culture and heritage. This is not a valid point because Canada's culture and heritage is largely defined by that of Quebec. Quebec separating from Canada would mean that Canada as a whole would lose that part of its history. Quebec does not need to separate from Canada to maintain its culture since Canada has always greatly encouraged it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voting YES to the referendum will cause problems in many relationships between peolpe who live in Quebec and those in the rest of Canada. Some of these problems are unemployment and jobs. The residents of Quebec will no longer be able to work in Canada just as Canadians will no longer be allowed to work in Quebec. This will cause a rise in unemployment because many people will be forced to quit thier jobs. The border between Canada and Quebec will impose even more obstacels. Travel will become stessfull because passports will be needed and duty taxes will be imposed. International trade will also be a problem since Canada and Quebec will be two separate countries. It would be unlikely for the two countries to do business with each other primarily due to feelings of resentment and hostility. Another problem that will arise is the fact that some Quebecers are not willing to separate. There will never be a time when everyone living in Quebec will want to separate. It therefor causes a problem for those who want to stay because they would be compelled to leave.

Religious reforms by Martin Luther and King Henry VIII Essay

The motives of Martin Luther in the German states and King Henry VIII in England could not have been much more dissimilar than they were. However, their actions of bringing about reform likened them. Martin Luther was motivated to reform the church solely for religious reasons; mostly frustration with the corruption of the Catholic Church, while King Henry VIII was motivated by both his personal life and his personal gain. The whole idea to reform the church in England essentially started when King Henry VIII realized he would be unable to divorce his wife, Catherine. He had already set his sights on Anne Boleyn, so he needed to find a quick loophole in order to divorce Catherine and marry Anne. Because the Catholic Church still headed England and even the King had to submit to Papal rule, Henry decided it would be far better if he could just be sovereign (and therefore be able to divorce Catherine). Due to this revelation, King Henry decided to reform the Catholic Church and create â€Å"The Church of England†. Theologically, he stuck to Catholic principals such as confession and clerical celibacy, but he closed monasteries in order to acquire the wealth they held. In essence, all King Henry did was change the legality of the Church but he did not bring about revolutionary religious change. Martin Luther, on the other hand, had no personal motives at hand when he decided he wanted to reform the church. Martin Luther had witnessed and quickly became frustrated with the corrupt acts of the church such as simony, nepotism, neglect of the celibacy rule, absenteeism, and pluralism. The final straw that sent Martin Luther over the edge was when Pope Leo X approved the sale of indulgences by Johan Tetzel in order to fund the building of St. Peter’s Basilica. Luther wrote the 95 Theses in response to this because he believed indulgences undermined the seriousness of penance. Luther went on to denounce the authority of the Pope and at the Diet of Worms, he did not recant so he was excommunicated. After this, he formed his basic theological tenets that differed greatly from the traditional Catholic tenets. He brought about immense religious change including: the dogma of consubstantiation, the abolishment of clerical celibacy and monasticism, the belief that the church was subordinate to the state, and the belief in only two sacraments versus seven. He also introduced new answers to theological  questions that can be summed up in these three Latin phrases: sola scriptura, sola fide, and sola gratia. The motives of Martin Luther and King Henry were different, and even though their common goal of reform was similar, their end results were even quite different. King Henry’s personal, political, social, and economic motives resulted in a temporary reform because they were based off everything but religion. His heirs altered the Church several times so that the national religion would be to their personal liking. Although the Church of England still exists today, it is not based on the beginning principles King Henry VIII set up. Martin Luther’s reformation of the church, however, proved permanent. His genuine religious motives were apparent to the people so his religious changes stuck. Proof of this is simply that Lutheranism is still a popular denomination of Christianity today that is based off of the original principles that Martin Luther set. Bibliography: A History of Western Society: 7th edition (McKay)

Marketing Plan of Bentley Motors Limited Essay

Marketing Plan of Bentley Motors Limited 1. Executive Summary 2. Company Description Bentley Motors Limited is a British Manufacturer of automobiles, founded on the 18th of January 1919 by Walter Own Bentley. In the First World War, Bentley was known because of their rotary aero-engines. After the war Bentley designed and produced cars that won the Le Mans race in 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929 and 1930. Bentley presented Queen Elizabeth II with an official State Limousine to celebrate her Golden Jubilee in 2002. Bentley believes that it is a high end luxury car, which has tradition and ultimate class. Bentley follows a â€Å"high-price† strategy, and this Marketing Plan outline will show how Bentley improves their sales and continues to gain a share in the market. 3. Strategic Focus and Plan This section covers three aspects of corporate strategy that influence the marketing plan: (1) the mission, (2) goals, and (3) core competence/sustainable competitive advantage of Bentley Motors Limited. Mission Bentley Motors states that they don’t have a mission statement; but if they did, it would have been in the words of Walter Owen Bentley, â€Å"To build a good car, a fast car, the best in class†. The vision statement that Bentley Motors Limited follows is, â€Å"We are Bentley Motors – the definitive British luxury car company, dedicated to developing and crafting the world’s most desirable high performance cars. Goals 1. Have a larger market share. 2. Launch a Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) in the United Kingdom in 2015. The model will be based on the Porsche Cayenne, and will be produced in the United Kingdom. The SUV will be priced around GBP 140,000. 3. Become more eco-friendly. 4. Increase sales to 1500 cars, by 2013. Core Competency and Sustainable Competitive Advantage In terms of core competency, Bentley Motors seeks to use their uniqueness to provide sophisticated and distinctive, high quality luxury cars and other products that appeal to its target customers. In order to use its core competency as a sustainable competitive advantage, Bentley will work with its customers and employees to strengthen the relationships and build bonds to satisfy the high tastes of its clientele. 4. Situation Analysis This situation analysis will show how Bentley is growing larger in the market. Globally Bentley sold just over 10,000 cars in 2007 – compared to 9,000 cars in 2006 and 1000 in 2003. SWOT Analysis Figure 1 shows some characteristics that might influence the market opportunities for Bentley Motors. The SWOT emphasizes the good choices made by the company. Positive internal factors are related to the board, the management growth, the intrinsic value of the brand associated with the high end luxury car. Favorable external factors include the increasing need of luxury goods in the environment. A note to consider is that the financial crisis of 2007 did not affect Bentley’s clientele. Regarding unfavorable factors, the main weakness is the limited growth in the market. Due to the outstanding care and attention given to the production of each Bentley car, the production is slowed down as each car is hand made. However this limited production is perfect for Bentley’s marketing plan. Figure 1: SWOT Analysis for Bentley Motors |Internal Factors |Strengths |Weaknesses | |Management |Excellent and specialized board |Owned by Volkswagen, therefore has to | | | |report to Volkswagen. | |Offerings |Unique, high-price and high-end luxury |Many other competitors like Mercedes, | | |cars. |Rolls-Royce, Ferrari and Maserati provide | | | |similar products. | |Marketing |The exclusivity of the Bentley Motors brand|As the targeted customers are exclusive, | | |is part of the marketing plan. |not many people are aware of the various | | | |services and products Bentley Motors | | | |provides. | |Personnel |Dedicated to personal development of |Their workers are so qualified that if one | | |employees, by improving their technical and|employee leaves they need to spend a lot of| | |business skills. |money to train and develop another | | | |employee. | |Finance |Excellent growth in sales, revenues from |To build one car it takes longer than most | | |2003 onwards. |of their competitors, therefore it takes | | | |time to generate revenue. | |Manufacturing |Sophisticated details, like workers |A typical mass produced luxury model can be| | |inspecting the leather for insect bites and|finished in 24 hours, but to make a | | |17 hides of leather are required to outfit |Mulsanne at the Crewe Factory it takes 9 | | |the cabin. |weeks. | |R&D |Continued efforts to ensure engineering and|Most of the competitors have good R&D | | |luxury details for cars.|departments as well. | |External Factors |Opportunities | Threats | |Consumers |Customers can customize parts of the product, |Due to the high price of the products, | | |such as requesting certain types of leather |Bentley has exclusive consumers and not| | |interiors. |many people go and buy a Bentley every | | | |so often. | |Competitive |There are a few brands that are that obsessed |Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar and BMW produce | | |with having unique luxury products. |similar products for a fraction of the | | | |price. | |Technological |Bentley recently hired Rolf Frech as its |Bentley’s competitors have various | | |Engineering Chief. Frech comes from Porsche AG. |engineering methods that can produce | | | |more efficient cars. | |Economic |During the financial crisis of 2007, Bentley’s |The targeted customers are a small | | |targeted customers were still purchasing cars. |share of the market. | | | | | |Legal/Regulatory |Cars with new clean energy (biofuel), ensuring |A new law passed, requires some | | |that the power and torque of the car are not |technological change that Bentley’s do | | |affected.|not have. | Industry Analysis Every human wants to differentiate themselves from one another. One way of doing so is by purchasing luxury goods. Therefore the market for such goods is bound to grow. In comparison to other high end luxury vehicles, Bentley is growing more than the others. Figure 2: Luxury car Market |Year Sales in U. S Market | |Brands |2011 |2010 |% Change | |Porsche |12,633 |12,592 |0. 3 | |Jaguar |9,315 |9,748 |-4. 4 | |Ferrari |1,266 |1,087 |16. 5 | |Maserati |1,706 |1,355 |25. 9 | |Bentley |1,260 |954 |32. 1 | |Rolls Royce |255 |387 |-34. 1 | Competitors in the Luxury Car Market As shown in figure 2 , the main competitors of Bentley are; Rolls Royce, Ferrari, Maserati and Porsche. Company Analysis Bentley is highly recognized for their luxury cars, but they also sell goods that reinforce the image of their brand, such as silver plated wheel spinners, cufflinks, set of espresso cups, driving apparel and luggage sets among a few. 5. Product Market Focus This section describes the marketing and product objectives for Bentley Motors and their target markets, points of difference and positioning. Marketing and Product Objectives Bentley Motors marketing is based on the effort to combine the strength and speed of a sport scar with the luxury of British elegance. These are combined in 3 areas listed below. 1. British Tradition 2. Manufacture 3. Luxury and Sport Target Markets The primary target market for Bentley cars are customers who are not self-conscious and are willing to show what they have earned, these are generally those in the highest 5% of the economy. These customers want premium quality products and services and are willing to pay for it. Points of difference. Bentley’s marketing is concentrated on the fact that they have the sophisticated British charm, mixed with the strength of a premium racing car. This is the main difference when compared to Rolls Royce, which looks at itself as a luxury car or with Ferrari that defines itself as a sports car. Positioning Bentley’s vehicles try hard to close the gap between a being a traditional British sophisticated luxury vehicle and sports car with strong masculine power, which is best shown with its 6 time success at Le Mans. 6. Marketing Program The 4 marketing mix elements used by Bentley Motors are detailed below. Product Strategy Bentley’s are handmade, custom designed cars. It takes roughly 150 hours to produce a Continental GT and 400 hours to build an Arnage. Steering wheels are double stitched by hand using 2 needles simultaneously. It takes 15 hours to create one steering wheel. These are a few features of Bentley’s to name a few. Price Strategy The 2011 Bentley Continental is priced at around $205,600, while the 2011 Maserati Gran Turismo is priced at an average of $125,000. Even though the Maserati is much less priced, the quality that Bentley holds is much greater. Promotion Strategy. Bentley avoids commercializing its products unlike Maserati, therefore making it more prestigious. Bentley places its advertisements in places where they expect their target market to see it, not in commercial places. Bentley also goes by word of mouth, where one satisfied customer passes on the good word to a friend. Distribution Strategy Bentley prides themselves on being represented in 212 Bentley facilities worldwide. With 24 offices in the UK, 38 in the USA, 52 in Europe, 15 in the Middle East and 15 in Asia and Australasia, among others. Therefore with 212 facilities worldwide, it is within arm’s reach – for those who can afford it.